ena - Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal

Established
2012-02-18
Latitude
39.0916° N
Longitude
28.0257° W
Altitude
30 meters
Surface Type
Volcanic Soil
Instruments
47 (38 active)
Primary Measurement Types
65 (59 active)

The latest site to join ARM’s set of fixed-location atomspheric observatories began operations in September 2013. Identified as the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA), this facility is located on Graciosa Island in the Azores. The Azores are an island group located in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, a region characterized by marine stratocumulus clouds. Response of these low clouds to changes in atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols is a major source of uncertainty in global climate models.
The islands experience a tepid, oceanic, subtropical climate with mild temperatures ranging anywhere from 59 °F to 80 °F. Light clothes with one or two sweaters/jackets are enough to survive the cooler nights, winter season and occasional rain showers.
Click to enlarge images.

Instruments
Facility View from Sonde Balloon Launcher
Main Entrance
West Hill View

Instruments deployed at ENA - Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal

Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor
2013-10-18 - 2023-09-28
Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer
2016-07-12 - Currently Deployed
Aerosol Observing System
2014-02-19 - Currently Deployed
Meteorological Measurements associated with the Aerosol Observing System
2014-01-01 - Currently Deployed
Aerodynamic Particle Sizer
2024-01-25 - Currently Deployed
All Sky Imager
2024-10-01 - Currently Deployed
camera that monitors a site area
2016-10-03 - Currently Deployed
Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift Extinction Monitor
2014-02-18 - Currently Deployed
Cloud Condensation Nuclei Particle Counter
2010-07-05 - Currently Deployed
Ceilometer
2013-09-29 - Currently Deployed
Boundary-layer height data with CEIL
2013-09-29 - Currently Deployed
Carbon Monoxide Analyzer
2015-04-24 - Currently Deployed
Condensation Particle Counter
2013-10-04 - Currently Deployed
Sunphotometer
2013-09-28 - Currently Deployed
Doppler Lidar
2014-10-20 - Currently Deployed
Eddy Correlation Flux Measurement System
2014-07-03 - Currently Deployed
Greenhouse Gas Monitor
2015-07-08 - 2020-01-01
Ground Radiometers on Stand for Upwelling Radiation
2013-09-30 - Currently Deployed
Humidified Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer
2015-04-24 - 2023-05-25
Infrared Thermometer
2013-10-01 - Currently Deployed
Ka-Band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar
2017-06-14 - 2018-10-28
Ka ARM Zenith Radar
2015-07-17 - Currently Deployed
Laser Disdrometer
2014-02-27 - Currently Deployed
Automatic Weather Station
2017-05-05 - Currently Deployed
Surface Meteorological Instrumentation
2013-10-01 - Currently Deployed
Multifilter Radiometer
2014-04-14 - Currently Deployed
Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer
2014-04-10 - Currently Deployed
Micropulse Lidar
2013-10-02 - Currently Deployed
Microwave Radiometer, 3 Channel
2014-02-25 - Currently Deployed
Microwave Radiometer Profiler
2014-02-26 - 2019-09-08
Nephelometer
2013-10-04 - Currently Deployed
Ozone Monitor
2013-10-04 - Currently Deployed
Particle Soot Absorption Photometer
2013-10-04 - Currently Deployed
Rain Gauge
2013-11-27 - 2016-04-05
Radar Wind Profiler
2014-09-10 - Currently Deployed
Surface Energy Balance System
2014-06-25 - Currently Deployed
Solar and Infrared Radiation Station for Downwelling and Upwelling Radiation
2024-02-09 - Currently Deployed
Sky Radiometers on Stand for Downwelling Radiation
2013-09-28 - Currently Deployed
Scanning mobility particle sizer
2022-11-01 - Currently Deployed
Balloon-Borne Sounding System
2013-09-28 - Currently Deployed
Shortwave Spectroradiometer
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Total Sky Imager
2013-10-01 - Currently Deployed
Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer
2014-02-17 - Currently Deployed
Video Disdrometer
2014-10-31 - Currently Deployed
Weighing Bucket Precipitation Gauge
2017-07-17 - Currently Deployed
W-band Scanning ARM Cloud Radar
2017-06-14 - 2018-10-28
X-Band Scanning ARM Precipitation Radar
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Primary Measurements collected at ena - Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal

Aerosol absorption
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Aerosol backscattered radiation
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Aerosol concentration
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Aerosol extinction
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Aerosol optical depth
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Aerosol optical properties
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Aerosol particle size distribution
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Aerosol scattering
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Atmospheric moisture
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Atmospheric pressure
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Atmospheric temperature
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Atmospheric turbulence
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Backscattered radiation
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) flux
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Carbon monoxide (CO) Concentration
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Cloud base height
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Cloud condensation nuclei
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Cloud fraction
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Convection
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Horizontal wind
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Hydrometeor Geometry
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Hydrometeor Size Distribution
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Hydrometeor fall velocity
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Hydrometeor size
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Inorganic chemical composition
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Instrument monitoring non-geophysical variables
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Latent heat flux
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Lidar Doppler
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Liquid water content
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Liquid water path
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Longwave broadband downwelling irradiance
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Longwave broadband upwelling irradiance
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Longwave narrowband brightness temperature
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Longwave spectral radiance
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Methane concentration
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Methane flux
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Microwave narrowband brightness temperature
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Net broadband total irradiance
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Nitrogen oxides
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Organic Material Concentration
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Ozone Concentration
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Precipitable water
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Precipitation
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Radar Doppler
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Radar polarization
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Radar reflectivity
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Sensible heat flux
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Shortwave broadband diffuse downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave broadband direct normal irradiance
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Shortwave broadband total downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave broadband total upwelling irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband diffuse downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband diffuse upwelling irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband direct normal irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband radiance
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Shortwave narrowband total downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave spectral radiance
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Snow depth
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Soil heat flux
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Soil moisture
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Surface energy balance
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Vertical velocity
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Virtual temperature
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Visibility
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