The latest site to join ARM’s set of fixed-location atomspheric observatories began operations in September 2013. Identified as the Eastern North Atlantic (ENA), this facility is located on Graciosa Island in the Azores. The Azores are an island group located in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, a region characterized by marine stratocumulus clouds. Response of these low clouds to changes in atmospheric greenhouse gases and aerosols is a major source of uncertainty in global climate models.
The islands experience a tepid, oceanic, subtropical climate with mild temperatures ranging anywhere from 59 °F to 80 °F. Light clothes with one or two sweaters/jackets are enough to survive the cooler nights, winter season and occasional rain showers.
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Instruments deployed at ENA - Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal
Meteorological Measurements associated with the Aerosol Observing System
2014-01-01 - Currently Deployed
Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift Extinction Monitor
2014-02-18 - Currently Deployed
Ground Radiometers on Stand for Upwelling Radiation
2013-09-30 - Currently Deployed
Solar and Infrared Radiation Station for Downwelling and Upwelling Radiation
2024-02-09 - Currently Deployed
Sky Radiometers on Stand for Downwelling Radiation
2013-09-28 - Currently Deployed
Primary Measurements collected at ena - Graciosa Island, Azores, Portugal
Aerosol absorption
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Aerosol backscattered radiation
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Aerosol concentration
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Aerosol extinction
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Aerosol optical depth
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Aerosol optical properties
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Aerosol particle size distribution
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Aerosol scattering
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Atmospheric moisture
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Atmospheric pressure
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Atmospheric temperature
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Atmospheric turbulence
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Backscattered radiation
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) flux
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Carbon monoxide (CO) Concentration
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Cloud base height
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Cloud condensation nuclei
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Cloud fraction
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Convection
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Horizontal wind
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Hydrometeor Geometry
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Hydrometeor Size Distribution
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Hydrometeor fall velocity
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Hydrometeor size
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Inorganic chemical composition
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Instrument monitoring non-geophysical variables
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Latent heat flux
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Lidar Doppler
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Liquid water content
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Liquid water path
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Longwave broadband downwelling irradiance
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Longwave broadband upwelling irradiance
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Longwave narrowband brightness temperature
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Longwave spectral radiance
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Methane concentration
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Methane flux
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Microwave narrowband brightness temperature
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Net broadband total irradiance
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Nitrogen oxides
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Organic Material Concentration
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Ozone Concentration
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Precipitable water
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Precipitation
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Radar Doppler
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Radar polarization
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Radar reflectivity
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Sensible heat flux
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Shortwave broadband diffuse downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave broadband direct normal irradiance
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Shortwave broadband total downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave broadband total upwelling irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband diffuse downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband diffuse upwelling irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband direct normal irradiance
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Shortwave narrowband radiance
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Shortwave narrowband total downwelling irradiance
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Shortwave spectral radiance
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Snow depth
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Soil heat flux
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Soil moisture
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Surface energy balance
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Vertical velocity
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Virtual temperature
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Visibility
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